Passage 7
The addition of motivational strategies to a rehabilitation program is thought to
enhance patient adherence and improve outcomes. However, little is known about
how rehabilitation professionals motivate stroke patients during rehabilitation. The
primary objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive and quantitative
list of motivational strategies for stroke rehabilitation. In addition, we aimed to
examine (1) whether professionals with more clinical experience used a higher
number of motivational strategies, (2) the purpose for using each strategy, and (3)
the information considered when choosing strategies.
This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using a web survey with
a convenience sample of 407 rehabilitation professionals including physicians,
nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and speech-language-hearing
therapists.
We received data for 362 participants. Fifteen strategies were found to be used
by more than 75% of the respondents to motivate their patients. Almost all of the
respondents reported that they actively listened to and praised their patients to
increase patient adherence to rehabilitation programs. Respondents with more
clinical experience tended to use a higher number of motivational strategies (rho
= 0.208, p < 0.001). For 11 of the 15 strategies selected by more than 75% of the
respondents, the highest percentage of respondents reported that they used
the strategies to make rehabilitation worthwhile for their patients. The majority of
respondents reported that they decided which motivational strategy to use by
considering comprehensive information regarding the patient health condition,
environmental factors, and personal factors.
The comprehensive list of motivational strategies obtained may be useful for
increasing patient adherence to rehabilitation, especially for professionals with
less clinical experience. Furthermore, our findings regarding the purpose for using
each strategy and the information considered when choose strategies might help
rehabilitation professionals to optimally utilize the motivational strategy list.
Motivational Strategies for Stroke Rehabilitation: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional
Study. Adapted from Oyake et al. (2020).
Abnormalities during prenatal development in which of the following structures
would be most relevant to the insights about motivation provided by this study?
A) Ectoderm
B) Mesoderm
C) Endoderm
D) Notochord
Correct answer is A
During prenatal development, more specialized, complex, or differentiated tissue
types arise from cells that are less specialized or not differentiated (e.g. stem cells,
multipotent cells, pluripotent cells, etc.). As this process takes place, various cells in
the body not only are assigned particular and specific functions, but they also must
adopt the correct spatial arrangement that will later form the basis for the anatomy
of the body.
Early human embryos can be divided into three main layers: the ectoderm, the
mesoderm, and the endoderm. Each of these main three layers has a particular
function insofar as the cells arising from each layer go on to form various tissues in
the adult organism.
Answer A is correct because the ectoderm is the layer that is responsible for the
development of the nervous system. This study’s main insights about motivation
focus on cognitive processes and the reasons that inspire people to do something
(or not do something). The nervous system, and the brain in particular, is highly
related to motivation, and thus abnormalities during prenatal development of the
ectoderm could have profound impacts on what motivates a person.
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