Passage 7
The addition of motivational strategies to a rehabilitation program is thought to
enhance patient adherence and improve outcomes. However, little is known about
how rehabilitation professionals motivate stroke patients during rehabilitation. The
primary objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive and quantitative
list of motivational strategies for stroke rehabilitation. In addition, we aimed to
examine (1) whether professionals with more clinical experience used a higher
number of motivational strategies, (2) the purpose for using each strategy, and (3)
the information considered when choosing strategies.
This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using a web survey with
a convenience sample of 407 rehabilitation professionals including physicians,
nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and speech-language-hearing
therapists.
We received data for 362 participants. Fifteen strategies were found to be used
by more than 75% of the respondents to motivate their patients. Almost all of the
respondents reported that they actively listened to and praised their patients to
increase patient adherence to rehabilitation programs. Respondents with more
clinical experience tended to use a higher number of motivational strategies (rho
= 0.208, p < 0.001). For 11 of the 15 strategies selected by more than 75% of the
respondents, the highest percentage of respondents reported that they used
the strategies to make rehabilitation worthwhile for their patients. The majority of
respondents reported that they decided which motivational strategy to use by
considering comprehensive information regarding the patient health condition,
environmental factors, and personal factors.
The comprehensive list of motivational strategies obtained may be useful for
increasing patient adherence to rehabilitation, especially for professionals with
less clinical experience. Furthermore, our findings regarding the purpose for using
each strategy and the information considered when choose strategies might help
rehabilitation professionals to optimally utilize the motivational strategy list.
Motivational Strategies for Stroke Rehabilitation: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional
Study. Adapted from Oyake et al. (2020).
Which of the following theories of motivation are correctly paired with their
definition?
A) Drive reduction theory: actions are performed in order to meet emotional
desires
B) Incentive theory: actions are performed to avoid or to achieve particular
consequences
C) Cognitive theory of motivation: actions are performed due to affective
influences that motivate behavior
D) Need-based theory of motivation: actions are performed on the basis of
fulfilling physiological drives
Correct answer is B
There are a variety of psychological theories that attempt to explain the
phenomenon of human motivation and ultimately to answer the question “Why do
people do the things that they do?”
Answer B is correct because the incentive theory is correctly paired with its
definition. According to the incentive theory of human motivation, certain
incentives (i.e. the gaining of desirable rewards and/or the avoiding of undesirable
consequences) is what drives people to action. For example, a young child may
perform a certain behavior because they know they will be rewarded with a treat,
or they may avoid a certain behavior because they know it will be punished with a
time-out. In other words, the child’s actions are primarily motivated by the desire to
avoid and/or to achieve particular consequences.
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