Passage 5
Migrants detained and held in immigration and other detention settings in the U.S.
have faced increased risk of COVID-19 infection…this study sought to estimate
rates of COVID-19 testing, infection, care seeking, and vaccination among Mexican
migrants detained by U.S. immigration authorities and forcibly returned to Mexico.
We conducted a cross-sectional probability survey of Mexican migrants deported
from the U.S. to three Mexican border cities: Tijuana, Ciudad Juárez, and Matamoros (N
= 306)...survey measures included self-reported history of COVID-19 testing, infection,
care seeking, vaccination, intentions to vaccinate, and other prevention and risk factors.
Weighted data were used to estimate population-level prevalence rates. Bivariate tests
and adjusted logistic regression models were estimated to identify associations between
these COVID-19 outcomes and demographic, migration, and contextual factors.
Age, English fluency, and length of detention were positively associated with testing
and vaccination history, whereas detention in an immigration center and length of
time living in the U.S. were negatively related to testing, infection, and vaccination
history. Survey city and survey quarter also showed adjusted associations with
testing, infection, and vaccination history, reflecting potential variations in access to
services across geographic regions and over time as the pandemic unfolded.
This study provides insights into the extent of COVID-19 testing, infection, care, and
vaccination among Mexican migrants deported from the U.S., an underserved and
understudied migrant population. The results show that at least a third had a history
of diagnosed or suspected infection, and over 44% were held in crowded conditions.
The study also demonstrates insufficient access to testing and care for COVID-19,
but higher-than-expected levels of vaccination and willingness to get vaccinated
among those not yet immunized. As we prepare for future waves of the pandemic
and potentially more transmissible and/or deadly variants, decarceration and other
measures aimed at reducing COVID-19 risk and increasing access to preventive
services and treatment among detained migrants must be planned and implemented.
Figure 1: COVID-19 testing, infection, and vaccination among deported Mexican
migrants: Results from a survey on the Mexico-U.S. border. Adapted from MartínezDonate et al. (2022).
Which of the following statements is true about the ways that human beings
attribute behaviors to others?
A) The fundamental attribution error typically only applies in situations of
gross negligence or misconduct
B) The just-world hypothesis is a powerful force in explaining how collectivist
cultures create meaning from the behavior of others
C) The universal emotions are unrelated to behavioral attributions as they are
stable across cultures
D) The actor-observer bias explains differential attribution patterns when
judgments are made about one’s own behavior vs. that of others
Correct answer is D
On a daily basis, people observe others’ behavior and make various judgments
about why those behaviors were chosen–or if they were chosen at all!
Answer D is correct because the actor-observer bias does explain differential
attribution patterns when judgments are made about one’s own behavior vs. the
behavior of others. This is the fundamental premise behind the actor-observer bias:
that individuals do not interpret their own behavior (e.g. the behavior they “acted
out”) in the same way that they interpret the behavior of others (e.g. the behavior
they “observed”). In particular, the factors they use to explain acted vs. observed
behaviors differ, with a priority given to external factors for acted behavior and a
preference given to observed behavior. This essentially allows people to justify their
own poor behavior while blaming others for equally negligent actions.
The fundamental attribution error says that people do not judge their own behavior
and the behavior of others equally. Instead, most people tend to interpret their
personal behavior as due to external factors beyond their control (e.g., “I was late
because of the traffic”) and others’ behavior as due to internal factors that they
chose (e.g. “my boss was late because he was too lazy to get out of bed on time”).
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