Passage 5
Migrants detained and held in immigration and other detention settings in the U.S.
have faced increased risk of COVID-19 infection…this study sought to estimate
rates of COVID-19 testing, infection, care seeking, and vaccination among Mexican
migrants detained by U.S. immigration authorities and forcibly returned to Mexico.
We conducted a cross-sectional probability survey of Mexican migrants deported
from the U.S. to three Mexican border cities: Tijuana, Ciudad Juárez, and Matamoros (N
= 306)...survey measures included self-reported history of COVID-19 testing, infection,
care seeking, vaccination, intentions to vaccinate, and other prevention and risk factors.
Weighted data were used to estimate population-level prevalence rates. Bivariate tests
and adjusted logistic regression models were estimated to identify associations between
these COVID-19 outcomes and demographic, migration, and contextual factors.
Age, English fluency, and length of detention were positively associated with testing
and vaccination history, whereas detention in an immigration center and length of
time living in the U.S. were negatively related to testing, infection, and vaccination
history. Survey city and survey quarter also showed adjusted associations with
testing, infection, and vaccination history, reflecting potential variations in access to
services across geographic regions and over time as the pandemic unfolded.
This study provides insights into the extent of COVID-19 testing, infection, care, and
vaccination among Mexican migrants deported from the U.S., an underserved and
understudied migrant population. The results show that at least a third had a history
of diagnosed or suspected infection, and over 44% were held in crowded conditions.
The study also demonstrates insufficient access to testing and care for COVID-19,
but higher-than-expected levels of vaccination and willingness to get vaccinated
among those not yet immunized. As we prepare for future waves of the pandemic
and potentially more transmissible and/or deadly variants, decarceration and other
measures aimed at reducing COVID-19 risk and increasing access to preventive
services and treatment among detained migrants must be planned and implemented.
Figure 1: COVID-19 testing, infection, and vaccination among deported Mexican
migrants: Results from a survey on the Mexico-U.S. border. Adapted from MartínezDonate et al. (2022).
Which of the following statements about fertility, mortality, and migration are
incorrect?
A) Push and pull factors in migration influence the overall population
demographics of a society
B) Age-specific mortality rates after childhood tend to be directly
proportional to advancing age in peripheral countries
C) Crude fertility rates can be calculated if provided with the number of yearly
live births and the number of women in a given population
D) Patterns of fertility and mortality are relatively similar across all
classifications of countries: peripheral, semi-peripheral, and core
Correct answer is D
The world systems theory is famous for categorizing nations into three categories:
peripheral, semi-peripheral, and core, with core countries being the richest and
most well-developed, peripheral countries having little industry and lacking
the means to provide for their populations’ needs, and semi-peripheral being
somewhere in the middle. Although there are demographic trends that can affect
all peripheral, semi-peripheral, and core countries alike, it is incorrect to say that
patterns of fertility and mortality are relatively similar across peripheral, semiperipheral, and core countries. An evaluation of various types of countries reveals
that peripheral countries tend to have higher birth rates, bigger families, and
growing populations, for example, while core countries often have low birth rates,
small families, and declining populations that are skewed towards elderly or older
adults. For this reason, Answer D is the correct choice for this question because it
is incorrect to say that patterns of fertility and mortality are relatively similar across
all classifications of countries.
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